Hydraulic Cylinder

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What does a hydraulic cylinder do?

A hydraulic cylinder is a mechanical actuator that is used to produce linear motion and force through the use of pressurized hydraulic fluid. It typically consists of a cylindrical barrel, piston, and rod assembly. When pressurized fluid is introduced into the barrel, it exerts a force on the piston, which in turn creates linear motion and force on the rod.

Hydraulic cylinders are commonly used in a variety of applications, including construction equipment, manufacturing machinery, agricultural equipment, and aerospace technology. They are often used to lift heavy loads, push or pull objects, and provide force for other mechanical operations. They are preferred over other types of actuators, such as electric or pneumatic, in situations where high force or precision motion control is required.

What are the three types of the hydraulic cylinder?

The three types of hydraulic cylinders are:

• Single-acting hydraulic cylinder: This type of cylinder operates in only one direction, using hydraulic pressure to extend the piston rod. The return stroke is achieved by a separate mechanism, such as gravity or a spring.
• Double-acting hydraulic cylinder: This type of cylinder operates in two directions, using hydraulic pressure to extend and retract the piston rod. Fluid is supplied to both sides of the piston, allowing for both pushing and pulling motions.
• Multi-stage hydraulic cylinder: This type of cylinder has multiple stages or telescoping sections, which allows for a longer stroke while maintaining a shorter retracted length. The sections of the cylinder extend in sequence, with each section contributing to the overall stroke length.

What are the most common hydraulic problems?

• Fault phenomenon 1: The cylinder does not operate 

Causes and solutions for failure:

1. Due to the blockage of the oil circuit, the pressure oil of the system does not enter the cylinder at all, and the oil circuit needs to be dredged at this time.
2. Poor installation connection may cause other external forces in the direction of movement, and the cylinder needs to be reinstalled correctly.

• Fault phenomenon 2: The hydraulic cylinder can operate, but the movement speed is too slow

Causes and solutions for failure:

1. It may be that the oil supply of the hydraulic pump is insufficient, resulting in the pressure not going up, and the fault of the hydraulic pump needs to be eliminated at this time.
2. It may be caused by excessive system leakage, and the sealing performance of each component and pipeline needs to be checked at this time.
3. The rod cavity and rodless cavity of the cylinder are channeled, that is, part of the pressure oil of the high-pressure cavity leaks from the piston seal to the low-pressure cavity, and the piston sealing assembly needs to be replaced at this time.
4. The cylinder barrel or piston of the cylinder is excessively worn, and it is necessary to consider whether to repair it or replace it directly.

• Fault phenomenon 3: Creep of the hydraulic cylinder

Causes and solutions for failure:

1. It is caused by air entering the hydraulic cylinder, and it needs to be vented.
2. It is caused by foreign objects and water entering the hydraulic cylinder, causing local pulling and sintering. In this case, the inner wall of the cylinder needs to be ground and the cause of foreign object mixing needs to be found.
3. Poor installation of the hydraulic cylinder causes the centerline to be non-parallel with the guide bushing guide rail. In this case, the hydraulic cylinder needs to be reinstalled.
4. The motion sealing element is installed too tightly, and it needs to be adjusted.
5. The piston and piston rod are not on the same axis, and it needs to be corrected.
6. The guide bushing and cylinder barrel are not on the same axis and also need to be corrected.
7. The piston rod is bent, and it needs to be straightened.
8. The roundness of the cylinder bore is not good, and it needs to be reamed and ground and a new piston needs to be matched. 

• Fault phenomenon 4: Shaking or even abnormal noise

Causes and solutions for failure:

1. Air is mixed in the hydraulic cylinder, and the method is still to vent.
2. The sliding surface is too tight or the surface is rough, and it needs to be ground.
3. The piston seal is damaged, and the oil in the high-pressure cavity will quickly leak back into the low-pressure cavity, making a "squeak" sound. In this case, the piston seal needs to be replaced.

• Fault phenomenon 5: Impact at the end of the hydraulic cylinder

Causes and solutions for failure:

1. The buffering clearance is too large and has not played a buffering role. In this case, the buffering clearance needs to be reduced.
2. The one-way valve of the buffering device fails, and it needs to be replaced.

• Fault phenomenon 6: Leakage of the hydraulic cylinder

Causes and solutions for failure:

1. The sealing element is damaged, and the seal needs to be replaced.
2. The parts are deformed or damaged, and they need to be corrected or replaced directly.